effect of pseudomonas and bacillus bacteria on yield and nutrient uptake in comparison with chemical and organic fertilizers in wheat

the high cost of fertilizers in farming systems, soil pollution and degradation of soil are factors that caused to full use of available renewable nutrient sources of plant (organic and biological) with optimal application of fertilizers in order to maintain fertility, structure, biological activity, exchange capacity and water-holding capacity of the water in soil. therefore, in recent years, according to investigators biofertilizers and organic farming as an alternative to chemical fertilizers has been drawn. through this study, we examined the effects of triple superphosphate, organic matters and phosphate solubilizing microorganisms on quantitative and qualitative yield of wheat and nutrient uptake. the experiment was carried out in the factorial based on randomized complete block design. the factors were: 1-phosphate solubilizing bacteria in three levels including control, pseudomonas putida and bacillus coagulans bacteria, 2- triple superphosphate in five levels of 0, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% and 3-organic matter in 2 levels of 0 and 15 ton/ha in the soil with high phosphorous accessibility (13 mg/kg soil) but lower than sufficient limit for plant 15 mg/kg soil). the results showed that the highest amount of yield has been recorded in pseudomonas putida bacteria treatment with organic matter and 25% phosphate fertilizer. as a result, at the conditions of this experiment phosphate solubilizing bacteria and organic matter significantly had higher yield than control and their combination with phosphate fertilizer had significant effect on reducing phosphate fertilizer use.